Researchers at Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) have developed an innovative process to convert textile waste into high-quality packaging paper, addressing the growing issue of textile waste management.
Led by Thomas Harter from the Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, the team has successfully recovered cellulose fibers from used cotton textiles to produce paper that is significantly stronger than conventional recycled paper.
In Austria alone, approximately 220,000 tonnes of textile waste are generated annually, with nearly 80% being incinerated. This new method offers a sustainable alternative by integrating valuable textile fibers into the highly efficient paper recycling cycle, which boasts recycling rates exceeding 90% in the packaging sector.
The process involves shredding old clothing, soaking it in an aqueous solution, and milling the mixture to separate cotton fibers without clumping. Alexander Wagner, a master's student, optimized the beating machine, processing time, and water-to-textile ratio to maximize fiber extraction.
Tensile tests reveal that paper containing up to 30% textile-based content is significantly stronger than standard recycled paper while maintaining similar processability. This strength increase is attributed to the longer fiber length of recycled textile fibers (1.7 mm) compared to typical recycled paper fibers.
The research team is now focusing on reducing the energy consumption of the beating process and scaling up to industrial-level production. This innovative approach not only addresses textile waste issues but also has the potential to reduce paper imports for packaging production.
TU Graz, or Graz University of Technology (Technische Universität Graz), is a leading Austrian university specializing in engineering and natural sciences. Located in Graz, Austria, it is one of the country’s most prestigious technical universities, known for its strong research focus and innovation in fields such as sustainable technologies, materials science, artificial intelligence, and mobility.
Founded in 1811, TU Graz collaborates with industries and international research institutions to develop cutting-edge solutions in various sectors, including paper technology, renewable energy, and robotics. It is part of the TU Austria alliance, which includes Austria’s three major technical universities.
